What the Average IQ Is and What it Means

What the Average IQ Is and What it Means Theories Cognitive Psychology Print How Average IQ Scores Are Measured By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 07, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 13, 2019 Illustration by Joshua Seong. © Verywell, 2018.? More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Average IQ Scores Scoring Measuring Intelligence Controversies View All Back To Top IQ, or intelligence quotient, is a measure of your ability to reason and solve problems. It essentially reflects how well you did on a specific test as compared to other people of your age group. While tests may vary, the average IQ on many tests is 100, and 68 percent of scores lie somewhere between 85 and 115.??? While IQ can be a predictor of things such as academic success, experts caution that it is not necessarily a guarantee of life success. Sometimes people with very high IQs do not fare so well in life, while those with average IQs may thrive. Average IQ Scores The measurement of intelligence has long been a hot topic in psychology and educationâ€"and a controversial one. Intelligence tests are one of the most popular types of psychological tests in use today. Ever since the first IQ tests emerged, attempts to classify IQ have followed. In order to understand what an average IQ score is and what it means, it is essential to first understand how IQ is measured. While different test publishers utilize different scoring systems, for many modern  IQ tests  the average (or  mean) score is set at 100  with a  standard deviation  of 15 so that scores conform to a normal distribution curve. On many tests, a score of 100 is considered the average IQ.68 percent of scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean (that is, between 85 and 115). That means that nearly 70 percent of all people score within plus or minus 15 points of the average score.95 percent of scores fall within two standard deviations (between 70 and 130). Outliers beyond those points represent only a small portion of the population, which means that only a small percentage of people have a very low IQ (below 70) or a very high IQ (above 130).Scores below 70 may represent the presence of some sort of developmental or learning disability while scores over 130 may indicate giftedness. How IQ Is Calculated Historically, IQ tests have been scored in one of two ways. In the first method, a persons mental age was divided by their chronological age and then multiplied by 100. The other methods involve comparing scores against the scores of others in the individuals same age group. In this method, psychometricians utilize a process known as  standardization  to make it possible to compare and interpret the meaning of  IQ scores. This process is accomplished by administering the test to a  representative sample  and using these scores to establish standards, usually referred to as norms, by which all individual scores can be compared. Since the median score is 100, experts can quickly assess individual test scores against the median to determine where these scores fall on the normal distribution. Classification systems can vary from one publisher to the next although many do tend to follow a fairly similar rating system. For example, on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Stanford-Binet test, scores that fall between 90 and 109 are considered average IQ scores.On these same tests, scores that fall between 110 and 119 are considered high average IQ scores. Scores between 80 and 89 are classified as low average. So in most cases, if you receive an IQ score of around 100, then you have what is considered an average IQ. Dont worryâ€"you are in good company. Most people score within one standard deviation of this average. IQ Tests and How Intelligence Is Measured Intelligence tests are designed to measure  crystallized and fluid intelligence. Crystallized intelligence involves your knowledge and skills you have acquired throughout your life while  fluid intelligence  is your ability to reason, problem-solve and make sense of abstract information. Fluid intelligence is considered independent of learning and tends to decline in later adulthood. Crystallized intelligence, on the other hand, is directly related to learning and experience and tends to increase as people grow older. IQ tests are administered by licensed psychologists. There are different kinds of intelligence tests, but many involve a series of subtests that are designed to measure mathematical abilities, language skills, memory, reasoning skills, and information-processing speed. Scores on these subtests are then combined to form an overall IQ score. A few of the most common IQ tests in use today include: The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale for AdultsThe Wechsler Intelligence Scale for ChildrenThe Stanford-Binet Intelligence ScalesThe Kaufman Assessment Battery for ChildrenThe Cognitive Assessment SystemThe Differential Ability ScalesThe Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities It is important to note that while people often talk about average, low and genius IQs, there is no single IQ test. Many different tests are in use today including the afore-mentioned Stanford-Binet and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, as well as the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities. Each individual test is  different in terms of exactly what is being measured, how it is scored, and how these scores are interpreted. Controversies Over IQ Ever since the inception of the very first tests of intelligence, both academics and armchair psychologists have debated differences in intelligence, including possible connections between IQ and race.   In addition to connections between race and IQ, people have also attempted to connect IQ disparities to other factors such as sex differences and nationality. One important factor to also note is that overall, IQ scores have been rising worldwide, a phenomenon known as the Flynn effect. Race and IQ Scores During the 1920s, the US Army utilized IQ testing on recruits and found that different populations showed group differences in average IQ scores. Such findings helped fuel the eugenics movement and those who supported racial segregation. The 1994 book The Bell Curve rekindled the argument and controversy, as the book promoted the notion that racial group differences in average IQ scores were largely the result of genetics. Critics suggest that such group differences are more accurately a product of environmental variables. Such arguments over race and IQ are a reflection of the age-old nature versus nurture debate. Are certain traits, characteristics, and abilities more heavily influenced by genetics or by environmental causes? Those who believe that race is a determinate of IQ are taking the side of nature, suggesting that heritability is the primary determinant of IQ. However, research has found that while genetics do play a role in determining intelligence, environmental factors also play an important role. Some factors that have been linked to group differences in average IQ scores include education, health and nutrition, socioeconomic status, testing bias, and minority status. In response, the American Psychological Association formed a special task force led by psychologist Ulric Neisser to investigate the claims made by the book. They found no direct evidence to support genetic explanations for test score differences between blacks and whites. Instead, they stated that at the present time, there are no known explanations for such differences. Nationality Differences in Average IQ Scores Studies of national cognitive ability suggest that there are differences in IQ scores among different nations. Such studies remain limited, but some explorations of this topic have been conducted by creating estimates of average IQ for different nations. Such differences may be largely linked to environmental influences such as socioeconomic factors, literacy rates, educational rates, and life expectancy. According to research conducted by Richard Lynn and Tatu Vanhanen, Hong Kong had the highest average IQ at 108 while Equatorial Guinea had the lowest at 59. Average group IQs of some other countries included the United States at 98, the United Kingdom at 100, and Italy at 102.??? Sex Differences in Average IQ Scores Over the years, some researchers have argued that either males or females held an advantage in terms of IQ while others have argued that there are no significant differences between men and women. One study found that while there was no average difference in IQ scores between men and women, there tended to be more variability in IQ scores among men. Research has found that there are slight differences in the performance of verbal and spatial tasks, with women performing better on some verbal tasks and men performing better on some spatial ability tasks. However, researchers believe that this disparity is only partially due to biological differences and is also influenced by culture, experiences, and education.??? What an Average IQ Score Means to You While some limited generalizations can be made in relation to your average IQ score, keep the following in mind: It means you have average reasoning and problem-solving skills.  Your IQ score might be a good general indicator of your reasoning and  problem-solving abilities, but many psychologists suggest that these tests dont tell the whole story.???An average IQ score might not tell the whole story about what you are capable of.  A few things they dont measure are practical skills and talents. You might have an average IQ score, but you might also be a great musician, a creative artist, an incredible singer or a mechanical whiz. Psychologist Howard Gardner developed a theory of  multiple intelligences  designed to address this perceived shortcoming in popular conceptions of IQ.???IQ scores are not necessarily set in stone.  Researchers have also found that IQ scores can change over time. One study looked at the IQs of teenage subjects during early adolescence and then again four years later. The results revealed that scores varied as much as 20 points over that four-year period.??Some experts suggest that EQ might matter even more than IQ.  IQ tests also fail to address things like how curious you are about the world around you and how good you are at understanding and managing emotions. Some experts, including writer Daniel Goleman, suggest that  emotional intelligence  (often referred to as EQ) might  even be more important than IQ. And researchers have found that while having a high IQ can indeed give people an  edge in many areas of life, it is certainly  no guarantee of life success.?? A Word From Verywell Dont stress out if youre not a geniusâ€"the vast majority of people arent geniuses either. Instead, most people are somewhere within a 15-point range of the average IQ score. Just as having a high IQ doesnt ensure success, having an average or  low IQ  doesnt ensure failure or mediocrity. Other factors such as hard work,  resilience, perseverance, and overall  attitude  are important pieces of the puzzle.

History, Development And Growth The Starbucks Corporation

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Can Life Get Any Worse Essay - 865 Words

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Distance Learning The New Frontier in Education Free Essays

string(42) " symmetrical to the conventional methods\." Distance learning has started to become more visible in today’s society. It has been recognized as an integral part of the education system. While still not being utilized in all places, it’s spreading and gaining ground as one of the more popular ways to deliver information. We will write a custom essay sample on Distance Learning: The New Frontier in Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a means of educating students, distant learning helps plug holes that have been created by a lack of a certified teacher being available. Through distance learning, technology has become an intricate part of how students are educated. Early Beginnings Distance Learning has been considered somewhat of a new idea. However, some of the key concepts that shape distance learning have been around for quite some time. Distance learning has a large portion of its roots in what’s known as correspondence study. According to Webster’s’ Dictionary, correspondence is defined as, â€Å"a course offered by a correspondence school. † Correspondence is defined as, â€Å"1 a: the agreement of things with one another b: a particular similarity c: a relation between sets in which each member of one set is associated with one or more members of the other — compare FUNCTION 5a. This information explains to us that two different parties are engaging in a form of communication with one another. â€Å"The roots of distance learning are at least 160 years old. An advertisement in a Swedish newspaper in 1833 touted, the opportunity to study ‘Composition through the medium of the Post. ’ In 1840, England’s newly established penny post allowed Isaac Pitman to offe r shorthand instruction via correspondence. † This information is very important because it helps in shaping some of the reasons and purpose of why correspondence was necessary. The power of correspondence began to develop even further. Because its advantage was in its ability to send information via the postal service, correspondence created opportunities for people to gain knowledge without physically being present. Not all scholars believe that form information transferrence marked the beginning of distance learning. â€Å"The history of distance education could be tracked back to the early 1700s in the form of correspondence education, but technology-based distance education might be best linked to the introduction of audiovisual devices into the schools in the early 1900s. This is an interesting point because it shows that different reference points are used according to a different set of criteria. As correspondence study continued to evolve, the implementation of correspondence schools began to expand. Several different correspondence schools were opened inside and outside of the United States: In 1891, Thomas J. Foster, editor of the Mining Herald, a daily newspaper in eastern Pennsylvania, began offering a correspondence course in mining and the prevention of mine accidents. His business developed into the International Correspondence Schools, a commercial school whose enrollment exploded in the first two decades of the 20th Century, from 225,000 in 1900 to more than 2 million in 1920. In Britain, we are informed that correspondence began to progress, â€Å"with the founding of a number of correspondence institutions, such as Skerry’s College in Edinburgh in 1878 and University Correspondence College in London in 1887. † As time progressed, distance learning received more support with the development of different communication mediums. Radio began to find its way into the mix of distance education. In the 1920’s, at least 176 radio stations were constructed at educational institutions, although most were gone by the end of the decade. † The development of televised courses began to receive a major push as well: In the early 1930’s experimental television teaching programs were produced at the University of Iowa, Purdue U niversity and Kansas State College. However, it was not until the 1950’s that college credit courses were offered via broadcast television: Western Reserve University was the first to offer a continuous series of such courses, beginning in 1951. The development of fiber optics paved the way for distance learning to make greater strides. It allowed for fast expansion of live, two-way, high-quality audio and video systems in distance education. With the introduction of the computer, teaching at a distance was able to really take off by leaps and bounds. Online courses found its way onto a number of colleges and universities. This was a great stepping stone for the development of such institutions as the British Open University, the American Open University, Nova Southeastern University and the University of Phoenix. These schools offer an enormous amount of courses online. According to Teaching and learning at a Distance; it is vital to the study of distance learning to combine theory because â€Å"it directly impacts the practice of the field. † There are many theorists whom express their ideologies that pertain to the historical background of distance learning. There are several scholars that note how important the role of theory and distance education intertwine, including; Borje Holmberg, Michael Moore, Otto Peters and many others. Theorists’ Desmond Keegan exemplifies the significance of theory and distance education when he expressed in 1988†¦ Lack of accepted theory has weakened distance education: there has been a lack of identity, a sense of belonging to the periphery and the lack of a touchstone against which decisions on methods, on media, on financing, on student support, when they have to be made, can be made with confidence. Keegan in his theories, implements how distance learning is vital in not only the classroom, but also how it encompasses the areas of politics, finance, and socialism. According to this theorist this type of education not only affects the classroom, it covers several properties of the world. Bjore Holmberg’s ideas promote that like any type of education. This type is no different in that it is according to him, trial-and-error with mere attentiveness to the theoretical stand point in making decisions. The ideas between Holmberg and Keegan contrast in that, Holmberg views distance learning as a representation of a deviation from conventional learning, while Keegan’s theories deduce that this type of instruction is a discrete type of education is symmetrical to the conventional methods. You read "Distance Learning: The New Frontier in Education" in category "Papers" Contemporary Issues Distance Learning has created a wealth of opportunities for education to reach people in a variety of formats. With progress come concerns and issues that must also be addressed. There are several areas that have become red flags in the process of delivering education through the non-traditional classroom setting. Several policy issues have come about that are being examined. These areas of development deal with academic, fiscal and geographic: Institutions will need to develop policies that clarify everything from academic calendar to transferability. When a course is offered at one institution through a traditional classroom model, the academic calendar, for example, is the purview of that college or university. In certain cases, state regulations influence the calendar. But when a college enters into a consortia arrangement with other institutions on different academic calendars, it can become very confusing for the learners. In fact, some semesters or quarters end too late for courses to transfer to another college. Since distance learning models can complicate this process, flexibility is required. This is an issue that I personally encountered while taking an online Spanish course at Pulaski Technical College in the summer of 2007. In order to enroll for Spanish 2 I had to show that I had passed Spanish 1. The deadline was 2 days before grades were to be posted. I was fortunate enough to receive help from the administration but it was an intervention that would be constant on the part of the university. There’s also the question of integrity on the part of the students. While the use of CIV technology can alleviate some of this, other forms of distance learning continue to deal with this problem. The issue of students allowing others to complete their assignments has been around for quite some time. With distance learning, it looks to be just as prevalent. Fiscal concerns are consistent for a number of reasons. In most cases, distant education comes with a higher price tag than the conventional classroom setting: One certain way to guarantee problems in a distance learning program is to overlook the role of receiving institutions – those who do not offer the courses but provide the resources for learners to participate. This includes â€Å"receive† sites for interactive television courses and colleges that provide their computer laboratories to learners not enrolled at that institution. Contractual arrangements often provide a source of revenue to these receive sites, but in some cases policies do not provide, or prohibit, revenue sharing. Eventually, these receive sites become a source of frustration and potential revenue loss, which can diminish an otherwise well-run program. Distance learning policies must address the issue of equitable fiscal arrangements with receive sites and all other partners. These issues must be clarified in advance of program offerings, for without them, sound fiscal planning is impossible. Students are experiencing, what is called, geographic â€Å"out-of-state† fees for distance classes. This is a major concern because the internet is a boundless instrument that does not limit the learners’ ability to acquire knowledge on the basis of physical location. Asking students to pay extra fees for such this reason is of major concern: Setting tuition clearly is a fiscal issue; however, it also is a key aspect of the geographic service issue. Is â€Å"out-of-state† currently a relevant categorization for learners? Will â€Å"out of country† rates still apply? If we are to recognize the overarching reach of today’s distance learning, existing policies need close examination and new policies may be needed to redefine tuition rates and service area restrictions. Another issue deals with the availability of instructors. While most of the curriculum is uploaded to the site in online courses, students may have questions that aren’t explained in the information. The difficulty comes in trying to contact the teacher through email or via telephone. The instructor may not respond in a timely manner, which puts the student at a disadvantage if the assignment is due before the question gets answered: Respondents were asked to rank the differences between traditional course delivery and distance delivery. The scale was according to importance, one having the most importance and six the least importance. The order in which possible choices were ranked was not of importance in this question. The rankings provided by each respondent for each difference was what was being examined. Results can be seen in Table 4. The primary choice for most important was â€Å"interaction with instructor† with 40 out of 107 (37. 4 percent) responses. Ronn Atkinson, social studies teacher at the Distant Learning Center in Maumelle, suggests that, â€Å"not all kids in Arkansas have access to the internet. It’s either a question of accessibility or affordability. CIV is very expensive. Buying the system and paying the line charges, etc. Some districts can’t afford it on their own without help. † Futuristic Implications Distance learning has made some very interesting strides and looks to be a mainstay in the future. This alternate form of education looks to be the growing as it takes on different shapes. Distance learning will take the place of traditional classrooms because of the accessibility that students have to computers. The overhead cost of running and operating an educational institution from a building will be a big determining factor in the success of distance learning: Despite the challenges distance education presents to our traditional conceptions of education and instructional delivery, distance education enrollment at community colleges has increased greatly over the last decade, suggesting that distance education offers an alternative to the traditional classroom experience that accommodates many students’ individual circumstances and educational needs. Although the goals and outcomes of distance education are still somewhat unclear, it is generally agreed upon, however, that the marriage of technology and higher education will be a lasting one, and by the year 2000 more students will be instructed via more media than was ever thought possible. Though distance learning has become a very viable asset to education, a very key component to learning may be lost in the shuffle. The instructor’s ability to inspire the students through classroom lectures and instruction would most definitely not have the same effect on a student via online learning: How can we substitute for the inspiration of personal interaction with faculty members? In all of my years at Miami-Dade Community College, I never received a letter complementing a college program without reference to a faculty member or other staff member who had inspired or contributed to the development of the writer. Almost all of us can point to an individual, very often a faculty member, who had major impact on our lives. Is there a way to keep that inspiration in a distance learning situation? Is there something to be substituted? Compressed Interactive Video (CIV) has become a very interesting form of technology. This medium allows students to be taught a subject by a teacher in another location outside of the school building. So if a student is interested in taking a sociology course and their school does not offer it, he/she can utilize this system. More students are taking advantage of this technology each year. While CIV is still pretty expensive, over time it will become more affordable. Once that happens, it will help in the progression of home schooled students. Conclusion The power of learning at a distance has reached unparalleled heights in its ability to educate students. While there are some concerns as to whether or not it’s the â€Å"cure all,† there doesn’t seem to be much concern whether or not it is the medium of the future. It is cost efficient and looks to be the ultimate replacement of school building instruction. Distance learning is the truly the way of the new frontier. Bibliography Simonson, Michael; Smaldino, Sharon; Albright, Michael; Zvacek, Susan. Teaching at a Distance. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall, 2000. Gellman-Danley, B. , Fetzner, M. J. (1998). Asking the Really Tough Questions: Policy Issues for Distance Learning Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, Volume I, Number 1, Spring, State University of West Georgia, Distance Education. Schmidt, E. K. Gallegos. A. (2001). Distance Learning: Issues and Concerns of Distance Learners, Journal of Industrial Technology, Volume 17, Number 3 – May 2001 to July 2001. McCabe, Robert H. (1996). Ten questions for the future of distance learning, Community College Week, 10415726, 7/29/96, Vol. 8, Issue 26 The Future of Distance Learning. (1994). Retrieved April 25, 2009, from EducationAtlas. com Website: http://www. educationatlas. com/the-future-of-distance-learning. html Research in Distance Learning. (2009) The History of Distance Education. Retrieved April 25, 2009 from MA Distributed Learning Web site: http://www. digitalschool. net/edu/DL_history_mJeffries. html How to cite Distance Learning: The New Frontier in Education, Papers

Reading Response for Communication Ethics Essay Example

Reading Response for Communication Ethics Essay Subject: Reading Response for Communication ethics Introduction Communication is an important element of business. It ensures all activities are running smoothly in an organization. This article discusses several cases of unethical practices of information in the business world. A study has confirmed that most business people always mishandle information. For example, they withhold information from parties like the government, clients or agencies. It also expounds on business people being ethical. This is mainly to the employer and the rest of the management. Since they should be exemplary to the rest of the employees, they need to be ethical (Ross et al, 2003). We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Response for Communication Ethics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Response for Communication Ethics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Response for Communication Ethics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Summary of main points Fraud cases The article has discussed three examples of fraudulence in the corporate world. One of the greatest is from Adelphia Company. Its founder and his two sons were arrested because of looting the company. The company is at the verge of being bankrupt because of mismanagement of funds. They used company funds for personal use. Former Tyco International Ltd CEO is responsible for misappropriation of funds. He is likely to have bought an apartment using Company funds. A Wall ST. employee is in custody because she used information to benefit herself in insider trading. She was a trust so it was illegal for her to go against her obligation (Ross et al, 2003). Ethics in employers Employees are very concerned about their employer’s ethical practices. This is because they understand that it will have an effect on them. A study shows that less than half of employees consider their employers ethical. What is even worse is that very few employees report about unethical practices. They believe that those cases will be dealt with complete justice. This suggests that only a few people believe in the judicial system Employees fear that when they report unethical practices, they will face negative consequences. For example, the management will get back at them. They could lose their jobs for invalid reasons. Another common way is frustrating employees until they resign. They also feel the organization will not take any major actions (Ross et al, 2003). Business ethics This is a structure of how people should behave in the corporate world. These policies are fair to everyone and they assist in eliminating exploitation and other malpractices. Different managers have suggested other versions of defining business ethics. Some of them are controversial so a standard definition was given. Ethics is good at enhancing discipline and coexistence. Business ethics also consider the outside business environment like the society. Businesses engage in corporate social responsibility because it is part of business ethics (Ross et al, 2003). Perception I agree with the information in this article. There are endless cases of unethical practices in business. Some stakeholders take wrong advantage of information engage in illegal practices. I witnessed some bank employees attempting fraud. Since they had enough information on how to make debit cards, they wanted to use them on money dispensers. They targeted accounts with huge deposits and got details on how to debit them. Fortunately, they were not successful and they were sued for that. This article will help readers to learn the importance of communication ethics and practice it. Conclusion In general, the memo emphasizes the importance of practicing communication ethics in business. Many people do not understand the need for it. Employers should ensure that ethics are part of company’s policy and they should ensure they are followed. They should be exemplary for others to follow. All managers should understand the definition of business ethics because it will help in enforcing it. Reference: Ross, R.A, Mark, M., Cohen, L.P., Markon, J. et al (2003) Communication Ethics Management Communication: A Case Analysis Approach. 2nd edition. New Jersey: Pearson education, Prentice hall.

The Human Cell and Nutrients essays

The Human Cell and Nutrients essays There are several problems that a cell would face it if were to become very large. Among the first of these is being faced with an overload of nutrients. All nutrients enter the cell through the cell membrane. The larger the cell wall, the more nutrients it will contact; an abundance could potentially be available to the cell as they pass through the cell membrane. However, the more nutrients arriving, the greater the number of chemical reactions needed to process them. Moreover, all the nutrients would be arriving simultaneously, putting pressure on the cell structures to perform a large number of chemical processes at the same time. While a small cell would have insufficient cell membrane to move sufficient raw materials to nourish itthat is, to allow it to perform the necessary chemical reactions to livea really enormous cell would have the opposite problem. While the exterior, or cell membrane would increase in size, the interior area would expand even more, meaning that the membrane might not be able to acquire sufficient raw materials to keep the relatively larger volume of the interior supplied. (USC Web site) In addition, there are limits to the amount of incoming material that can be handled according to the cell's DNA, and limits to the amount of waste material, as well. This, too, must exit through the cell membrane. (CSUN Web site) An adaptation might be to create inlets' in the cell membrane, much like the inlets and bays and harbors on heavily indented coastlines that allow more ocean water to touch land; that is, to create in a cell the equivalent of a long shoreline, where the extra miles are gained by making pockets where the land and water meet. Another possible adaptation would be for the cell to separate its nutrient acquisition and waste elimination functions, holding them in separate structures and using...

Definition and Examples of Mondegreens

Definition and Examples of Mondegreens A mondegreen is a word or phrase that results from mishearing or misinterpreting a statement or song lyric.  Also known as an  oronym. The term mondegreen was coined in 1954 by American writer Sylvia Wright and popularized by San Francisco Chronicle columnist Jon Carroll. The term was inspired by Lady Mondegreen, a misinterpretation of the line hae laid him on the green from the Scottish ballad The Bonny Earl o Moray. According to  J. A. Wines, mondegreens often occur because the English language is rich in homophoneswords which may not be the same in origin, spelling or meaning, but which sound the same (Mondegreens: A Book of Mishearings, 2007). Examples and Observations The point about what I shall hereafter call mondegreens, since no one else has thought up a word for them, is that they are better than the original.(Sylvia Wright, The Death of Lady Mondegreen. Harpers, November 1954)Every time you go away/you take a piece of meat with you (for . . . take a piece of me with you, from the Paul Young song Every Time You Go Away)I led the pigeons to the flag (for I pledge allegiance to the flag)Theres a bathroom on the right (for Theres a bad moon on the rise in Bad Moon Rising by Creedence Clearwater Revival)Excuse me while I kiss this guy (for the Jimi Hendrix lyric Excuse me while I kiss the sky)The ants are my friends (for The answer, my friend in Blowing in the Wind by Bob Dylan)I’ll never leave your pizza burning (for I’ll never be your beast of burden by the Rolling Stones)The girl with colitis goes by (for the girl with kaleidoscope eyes in Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds by the Beatles)Dr. Laura, you pickled man-thief (for the Tom Waits lyric doctor, lawyer, beggar-man, thief) Take your pants down, and make it happen (for Take your passion and make it happen in Irene Caras Flashdance)the bright blessed day and the dog said goodnight (for the bright blessed day, the dark sacred night in What a Wonderful World by Louis Armstrong)The girl from Emphysema goes walking (for The girl from Ipanema goes walking in The Girl from Ipanema, as performed by Astrud Gilberto)bow and arrow transplant for bone marrow transplantIm blotto and bravado/Im a scarecrow and a Beatle (for A mulatto, an albino/A mosquito, my libido from Nirvanas Smells Like Teen Spirit)Lucky Jesus (a childs mondegreen for the chain restaurant Chuck E. Cheese)America! America! God is Chef Boyardee (for God shed His grace on thee in America, the Beautiful)You’re the cheese to my pizza mine (for â€Å"You’re the key to my peace of mind from Carol Kings Natural Woman)In love, as in life, one misheard word can be tremendously important. If you tell someone you love them, for instance, you must be absolutely certain that they have replied I love you back and not I love your back before you continue the conversation.(Lemony Snicket, Horseradish: Bitter Truths You Cant Avoid. HarperCollins, 2007) Historical Mondegreens Examine the following mondegreens and give a historical explanation of what changes have occurred. See if you can find other historical mondegreens that have become standard or widespread in English. Earlier/Later1. an ewt (salamander) / a newt2. an ekename (additional name) / a nickname3. for then anes (for the once) / for the nonce4. an otch / a notch5. a naranj / an orange6. another meal / a whole nother meal7. a nouche (brooch) / an ouche8. a napron / an apron9. a naddre (type of snake) / an adder10. would have done / would of done11. spit and image / spitting image12. sam-blind (half-blind) / sand blind13. a let ball (in tennis) / a net ball14. Welsh rabbit / Welsh rarebit (W. Cowan and J. Rakusan, Source Book for Linguistics. John Benjamins, 1998) Misconceptions (1899) A little girl with whom I am acquainted recently asked her mother what a consecrated cross-eye bear was; the explanation of her query being that she had been learning (orally) a hymn commencing: A consecrated cross I bear.(Ward Muir, Misconceptions. The Academy, Sep. 30, 1899)No language, how simple soever, I think, can escape a childs perversion. One said for years, in repeating the Hail, Mary! Blessed art thou, a monk swimming. Another, supposing that life was labour, I presume, ended his prayers with forever endeavour, Amen.(John B. Tabb, Misconceptions. The Academy, Oct. 28, 1899) Pronunciation: MON-de-green