Nature Of The Audit Evidence - Know the Scope

How Indian Cinema Evolved over the Years Essay Example for Free

How Indian Cinema Evolved throughout the Years Essay A hundred years back on this date, India’s first film Raja Harishchandra was discharged. In the course of recent years, our film and its aspects have developed and how!! The saint From mooch to macho From a cumbersome mustached Raj Kapoor during the 40s to a six-pack displaying, butt-uncovering John Abraham now, the Bollywood legend has had a serious makeover. The 50s was the period of strategy acting with any semblance of Dilip Kumar, while during the 60s, Rajesh Khanna and Dev Anand embodied sentiment on screen. After Khanna’s master kurtas and cushioned hairtop, Amitabh Bachchan carried the furious youngster into the image during the 70s and 80s with Zanjeer, Deewar and Agneepath, likewise bringing to the fore, chime bottoms and side consumes. The 90s was the hour of the sweetheart young men Shah Rukh Khan, Aamir Khan and Salman Khan moving in intriguing remote areas. Presently, the Bollywood saint isn't limited by classification or style and fits into each shape. He is a looker, chocolatey, test and complete paisa vasool, read Ranbir Kapoor and Imran Khan. The courageous woman From weak to astonishing In the early decades, the champion in Indian film had just a single target throughout everyday life, that of being a sati-savitri, who never looked past her family and spouse. The kitchen was her case, and she encapsulated everything great. Through the 1940s, 50s and 60s, champions, for example, Mala Sinha, Meena Kumari, Madhubala, Nanda and Asha Parekh controlled these jobs. It was uniquely during the 80s and 90s that she advanced as a solid character (Rekha in Khoon Bhari Mang, 1988), (Meenakshi Sheshadri in Damini, 1993). While in the mid 2000s, she was as yet the bashful young lady, she figured out how to carry on with her life on her footing like Rani Mukerji in Kabhie Alvida Naa Kehna. What's more, the champion today is the hot, uber cool lady who thinks about minimal more than her own life. Approach to go young lady! The lowlife From unnerving to smooth From the typical parcel of devilish town zamindars, dealers, killers, attackers, dacoits and fear mongers, the overwhelming Bollywood scoundrels have gotten uncommon in new age film. In this manner the customary scoundrel, Loin, Shakal, Mogambo, Dr Dang and Badman, has passed on a characteristic demise. The wigged, stogie smoking symbols played by any semblance of Pran, Prem Chopra, Amrish Puri, have cleared a path for brilliant and in some cases more-charming than-the-saint sort of reprobates. Display A-Saif Ali Khan (Omkara) and Shah Rukh Khan (Don). No lines are drawn now and dark characters have got dim with lead entertainers playing enemies in films, nearly supplanting the devoted lowlifess. This denoted the finish of regularly resonating famous jokes like â€Å"Kitne aadmi the?† and â€Å"Saara sheher mujhe Loin ke naam se jaanta hain.† The maa Rona-dhona to supercool From the God dreading and plain mum to a gathering monstrosity, moms in Bollywood have made considerable progress since 1930s. While Nargis in Mother India (1957) played a mother who experienced hardships and attempted to raise her offsprings, Nirupa Roy during the 70s got interchangeable with white saris and a melancholic look. At that point came Reema Lagoo, with her bindi and sindoor, a perfect working class Indian mother in Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988) and Maine Pyar Kiya (1989), who attempted to be a companion to her child. Be that as it may, presently, moms are the uber cool ladies who are prepared to acknowledge even same-sex couples, for example, Kirron Kher in Dostana (2008). Furthermore, presently there are mother who drink and move at weddings, ala Dolly Walia in Vicky Donor (2012). The thing young lady Untouchable to absolute necessities The moving young lady advanced from the Cabaret enchantress, the free-energetic banjaran, the exotic mistress to moving flirts into equal parts saris. During the 40s and 50s, Cuckoo Moray, hotted up the screen with her guiltless appeal. The 50s saw Vyjayanthimala charm the crowd in melodies, for example, Chad Gayo Papi Bichua in Madhumati (1958) in ghagra cholis, and garbage silver gems. Helen controlled the 60s and 70s, rising in a striking symbol with emotional gatherings. The 80s saw the pattern of courageous women show up in thing numbers with Zeenat Aman in Qurbani (1980). Madhuri Dixit’s Choli Ke Peeche Kya Hai turned into a definitive bother during the 90s. The thing young ladies of 2000s are provocative, not reluctant to show skin and love to put on a show, be it Malaika Arora Khan in a mid-riff exposing choli moving on a train or Katrina in Sheila Ki Jawani. The humorist Funny face to frontman The entertainer during the 40s, was the hefty man with amusing outward appearances, whose simple nearness made crowds chuckle. During the 1950s, the lean Johnny Walker broke that pattern and figured out how to win hearts with his droll diversion. Kishore Kumar, basically a vocalist, reclassified parody by utilizing his tunes like Meri Pyari Bindu (Padosan 1968) as components of fun in films. Be that as it may, it was Mehmood, with his bordered hair and flawless discourse conveyance who turned into the ruler of parody during the 1970s. The following huge thing in parody was Johnny Lever, who left crowds in parts with his non-verbal communication and discoursed in films like Raja Hindustani (1996) and Dulhe Raja (1998). Presently, it’s the saints †Akshay Kumar (Hera Pheri), Ajay Devgn (Golmaal) who are serving as entertainers. The companion Sidekick to one side hand man The side kick or hero’s closest companion, each Bollywood film has had one. The job could be that of a great amigo who gives lighthearted element to the film or that one jigari dost who remains with the legend through various challenges (as such, battles for the saint and regularly bites the dust at long last). From the times of Mukri and Mehmood, who played the hero’s old buddy during the 1950s and 60s to the ebb and flow time where entertainers like Arshad Warsi and Sharman Joshi play as ground-breaking characters as the saint himself, this depiction has had an ocean change. Mehmood in Humjoli (1970), for example, played a sidekick who carried the house down with his shenanigans, however Arshad Warsi in the Munnabhai arrangement (2003/06) played the perfect Robin to Sanjay Dutt’s Batman, and got probably the best lines in the movies. The sentiment Contact me-not to pre-marriage sex Romance in Bollywood abandoned striking to demure and back to scandalous and intense. The quiet film, ‘A Throw of Dice’ (1929) saw entertainer Seeta Devi kiss on-screen character Charu Roy. Post-autonomy, during the 1940s, sentiment got preservationist. The Cinematograph Act in 1952, called kissing on screen foul and sentiment became related with catching hand and gazing into each other’s eyes. Kissing was appeared with two blossoms meeting up or bumble bees sucking nectar from blossoms. 1970s was Raj Kapoor’s time that took an energy back to sentiment with motion pictures, for example, Bobby (1973), Satyam Shivam Sundaram (1978). It was the 90s that sentiment took an unadulterated and sweet structure the two blockbuster hits Hum Aapke Hain Kaun (1994) Dilwale Duhaniya Le Jayenge (1995). Presently, during the 2000s, pre-marriage sex appeared in films like Salaam Namaste (2005) and Rockstar (2011), is viewed as cool. The mu sic Songs to indecent tracks The 1930 and 40s, were characterized by nasal interpretations by any semblance of KL Saigal (Jab Dil Hi Tooth Gaya, Shahjahan, 1946) and Noorjehan. The 50s were about soul-relieving songs. Tunes like it Pyaar Huya Ekraar Huya (Shree 420 1952) or Jaane Woh Kaise Log The (Pyaasa 1957) became sagas. In any case, it was R D Burman, who without any help changed the course of Bollywood film music, and presented westernized tunes in melodies during the 60s. While 70s remained the time of a blend of delicate and quick numbers, the 80s turned Bollywood music on its head, as Bappi Lahiri got disco music. Disco Dancer (1982) denoted the start of a scope of high-on-clamor, low-on-verses melodies. The 1990s produced a few tremendously forgettable numbers, aside from melodic hits like 1942 a Love Story (1994), Saajan (1991). The 2000s have been the time of testing along these lines Sonu Nigam and Yo Honey Singh both discover place in a similar film. The exchanges Drama to peculiar Power-pressed discoursed get the greatest seetis from the crowd, and why not. A film is regularly associated with its famous exchanges. Kaun kambakth bardasht karne ke liye peeta hai, from Devdas that’s a most loved even with the ‘daarubaaz’ of today. Be that as it may, exchanges like Kitne aadmi the, and â€Å"Kuttey primary tera khoon pi jaunga† from Sholay, â€Å"Pushpa, I abhor tears† from Amar Prem and â€Å"Mere paas maa hai† from Deewar; have proceeded to get epic. During the 1990s, legends intrigued their woman love with discoursed. In this manner came, â€Å"I love you Kkk Kiran† (Darr), â€Å"Bade bade shehron mein aisi chhoti baatein hoti rehti hain.† (DDLJ 1995). In 2000, idiosyncratic exchanges, for example, Main apni most loved hoon (Jab We Met), Picture Abhi Baki Hai Dost (Om Shanti Om) are the successes among film buffs.

What the Average IQ Is and What it Means

What the Average IQ Is and What it Means Theories Cognitive Psychology Print How Average IQ Scores Are Measured By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 07, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 13, 2019 Illustration by Joshua Seong. © Verywell, 2018.? More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Average IQ Scores Scoring Measuring Intelligence Controversies View All Back To Top IQ, or intelligence quotient, is a measure of your ability to reason and solve problems. It essentially reflects how well you did on a specific test as compared to other people of your age group. While tests may vary, the average IQ on many tests is 100, and 68 percent of scores lie somewhere between 85 and 115.??? While IQ can be a predictor of things such as academic success, experts caution that it is not necessarily a guarantee of life success. Sometimes people with very high IQs do not fare so well in life, while those with average IQs may thrive. Average IQ Scores The measurement of intelligence has long been a hot topic in psychology and educationâ€"and a controversial one. Intelligence tests are one of the most popular types of psychological tests in use today. Ever since the first IQ tests emerged, attempts to classify IQ have followed. In order to understand what an average IQ score is and what it means, it is essential to first understand how IQ is measured. While different test publishers utilize different scoring systems, for many modern  IQ tests  the average (or  mean) score is set at 100  with a  standard deviation  of 15 so that scores conform to a normal distribution curve. On many tests, a score of 100 is considered the average IQ.68 percent of scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean (that is, between 85 and 115). That means that nearly 70 percent of all people score within plus or minus 15 points of the average score.95 percent of scores fall within two standard deviations (between 70 and 130). Outliers beyond those points represent only a small portion of the population, which means that only a small percentage of people have a very low IQ (below 70) or a very high IQ (above 130).Scores below 70 may represent the presence of some sort of developmental or learning disability while scores over 130 may indicate giftedness. How IQ Is Calculated Historically, IQ tests have been scored in one of two ways. In the first method, a persons mental age was divided by their chronological age and then multiplied by 100. The other methods involve comparing scores against the scores of others in the individuals same age group. In this method, psychometricians utilize a process known as  standardization  to make it possible to compare and interpret the meaning of  IQ scores. This process is accomplished by administering the test to a  representative sample  and using these scores to establish standards, usually referred to as norms, by which all individual scores can be compared. Since the median score is 100, experts can quickly assess individual test scores against the median to determine where these scores fall on the normal distribution. Classification systems can vary from one publisher to the next although many do tend to follow a fairly similar rating system. For example, on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Stanford-Binet test, scores that fall between 90 and 109 are considered average IQ scores.On these same tests, scores that fall between 110 and 119 are considered high average IQ scores. Scores between 80 and 89 are classified as low average. So in most cases, if you receive an IQ score of around 100, then you have what is considered an average IQ. Dont worryâ€"you are in good company. Most people score within one standard deviation of this average. IQ Tests and How Intelligence Is Measured Intelligence tests are designed to measure  crystallized and fluid intelligence. Crystallized intelligence involves your knowledge and skills you have acquired throughout your life while  fluid intelligence  is your ability to reason, problem-solve and make sense of abstract information. Fluid intelligence is considered independent of learning and tends to decline in later adulthood. Crystallized intelligence, on the other hand, is directly related to learning and experience and tends to increase as people grow older. IQ tests are administered by licensed psychologists. There are different kinds of intelligence tests, but many involve a series of subtests that are designed to measure mathematical abilities, language skills, memory, reasoning skills, and information-processing speed. Scores on these subtests are then combined to form an overall IQ score. A few of the most common IQ tests in use today include: The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale for AdultsThe Wechsler Intelligence Scale for ChildrenThe Stanford-Binet Intelligence ScalesThe Kaufman Assessment Battery for ChildrenThe Cognitive Assessment SystemThe Differential Ability ScalesThe Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities It is important to note that while people often talk about average, low and genius IQs, there is no single IQ test. Many different tests are in use today including the afore-mentioned Stanford-Binet and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, as well as the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities. Each individual test is  different in terms of exactly what is being measured, how it is scored, and how these scores are interpreted. Controversies Over IQ Ever since the inception of the very first tests of intelligence, both academics and armchair psychologists have debated differences in intelligence, including possible connections between IQ and race.   In addition to connections between race and IQ, people have also attempted to connect IQ disparities to other factors such as sex differences and nationality. One important factor to also note is that overall, IQ scores have been rising worldwide, a phenomenon known as the Flynn effect. Race and IQ Scores During the 1920s, the US Army utilized IQ testing on recruits and found that different populations showed group differences in average IQ scores. Such findings helped fuel the eugenics movement and those who supported racial segregation. The 1994 book The Bell Curve rekindled the argument and controversy, as the book promoted the notion that racial group differences in average IQ scores were largely the result of genetics. Critics suggest that such group differences are more accurately a product of environmental variables. Such arguments over race and IQ are a reflection of the age-old nature versus nurture debate. Are certain traits, characteristics, and abilities more heavily influenced by genetics or by environmental causes? Those who believe that race is a determinate of IQ are taking the side of nature, suggesting that heritability is the primary determinant of IQ. However, research has found that while genetics do play a role in determining intelligence, environmental factors also play an important role. Some factors that have been linked to group differences in average IQ scores include education, health and nutrition, socioeconomic status, testing bias, and minority status. In response, the American Psychological Association formed a special task force led by psychologist Ulric Neisser to investigate the claims made by the book. They found no direct evidence to support genetic explanations for test score differences between blacks and whites. Instead, they stated that at the present time, there are no known explanations for such differences. Nationality Differences in Average IQ Scores Studies of national cognitive ability suggest that there are differences in IQ scores among different nations. Such studies remain limited, but some explorations of this topic have been conducted by creating estimates of average IQ for different nations. Such differences may be largely linked to environmental influences such as socioeconomic factors, literacy rates, educational rates, and life expectancy. According to research conducted by Richard Lynn and Tatu Vanhanen, Hong Kong had the highest average IQ at 108 while Equatorial Guinea had the lowest at 59. Average group IQs of some other countries included the United States at 98, the United Kingdom at 100, and Italy at 102.??? Sex Differences in Average IQ Scores Over the years, some researchers have argued that either males or females held an advantage in terms of IQ while others have argued that there are no significant differences between men and women. One study found that while there was no average difference in IQ scores between men and women, there tended to be more variability in IQ scores among men. Research has found that there are slight differences in the performance of verbal and spatial tasks, with women performing better on some verbal tasks and men performing better on some spatial ability tasks. However, researchers believe that this disparity is only partially due to biological differences and is also influenced by culture, experiences, and education.??? What an Average IQ Score Means to You While some limited generalizations can be made in relation to your average IQ score, keep the following in mind: It means you have average reasoning and problem-solving skills.  Your IQ score might be a good general indicator of your reasoning and  problem-solving abilities, but many psychologists suggest that these tests dont tell the whole story.???An average IQ score might not tell the whole story about what you are capable of.  A few things they dont measure are practical skills and talents. You might have an average IQ score, but you might also be a great musician, a creative artist, an incredible singer or a mechanical whiz. Psychologist Howard Gardner developed a theory of  multiple intelligences  designed to address this perceived shortcoming in popular conceptions of IQ.???IQ scores are not necessarily set in stone.  Researchers have also found that IQ scores can change over time. One study looked at the IQs of teenage subjects during early adolescence and then again four years later. The results revealed that scores varied as much as 20 points over that four-year period.??Some experts suggest that EQ might matter even more than IQ.  IQ tests also fail to address things like how curious you are about the world around you and how good you are at understanding and managing emotions. Some experts, including writer Daniel Goleman, suggest that  emotional intelligence  (often referred to as EQ) might  even be more important than IQ. And researchers have found that while having a high IQ can indeed give people an  edge in many areas of life, it is certainly  no guarantee of life success.?? A Word From Verywell Dont stress out if youre not a geniusâ€"the vast majority of people arent geniuses either. Instead, most people are somewhere within a 15-point range of the average IQ score. Just as having a high IQ doesnt ensure success, having an average or  low IQ  doesnt ensure failure or mediocrity. Other factors such as hard work,  resilience, perseverance, and overall  attitude  are important pieces of the puzzle.

History, Development And Growth The Starbucks Corporation

Case Study By Leader: Suman Beeram Nimisha Sylada Vinita Eswar Arjita Saxena Dinesh Cheedu 1. History, Development and Growth: The Starbucks Corporation (referred as â€Å"the company†) is worldwide recognized in delivering one of the best coffees to their customers within minutes. The first Starbucks shop was opened in 1971 in Seattle’s historic park called Pike Place Market with the help of Gorden Bowker, Zev Siegl, and Jerry Baldwin. Initially, the store sold coffee beans and coffee making products versus the drinks. Starbucks derived their company name from a novel by Herman Melville called Moby Dick. The novel gave an insight about the 19th century, which at that time was an apt name for the coffee shop. In 1982, Howard Schultz joined Starbucks as the Director of Retail Operations. The espresso bars in Italy inspired Schutlz to begin selling coffee drinks, specifically their culture and popularity toward coffee. The owners were not convinced with this idea, so Schultz started his own coffee chain called II Giornale in 1986. In 1987, the owners sold Starbucks to Schultz. Schultz took this opportunity and renamed all his existing stores of II Giornale to Starbucks and began expanding further. This opportunity made the people of Seattle go coffee-crazy. Starbucks decided to expand beyond Seattle in the early 1990s. Stores were beginning to open in the rest of the United States and North America. Starbucks became the first company to offer health benefits along with stockShow MoreRelatedTo Invest or Not Invest in Starbucks Corporation, That Is the Question1707 Words   |  7 Pagesreader whether or not investing in Starbucks Corporation will prove a lucrative endeavor. A company is a sy stem of interconnected parts and therefore cannot be analyzed by a single component, but through an integrated approach. The report will analyze the company’s health through integrating both qualitative and quantitative factors in order to formulate a decision based on the multidimensional nature of a company. By analyzing the qualitative aspects of Starbucks, the reader can gain a better understandingRead MoreGeneral Information / History : Starbucks1062 Words   |  5 PagesGeneral Information/History Starbucks Corporation is a specialty coffee retailer, roaster and marketer internationally. Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker established the first stand-alone Starbucks coffeehouse was opened in Seattle, Washington in 1971. In 1987, the original founders sold the company to the present CEO Howard Schultz for $7 million (â€Å"Starbucks Corporation†). Currently having 22,519 retail stores worldwide, Starbucks has developed into the largest coffeehouse company globallyRead MoreEssay on Starbucks Marketing Plan1006 Words   |  5 Pages Starbucks MKTG 3175 Gay Fortson Sharita Garmon Robin Hardy- Green Table of Contents Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 History and Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4 Marketing Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreStarbucks : The Leading Coffee House1111 Words   |  5 Pagesstop every morning is my neighborhood Starbucks. I wince at the thought of visiting places that don’t have my beloved Starbucks. 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Each member of the Board of Directors is chosenRead MoreStarbucks Financial Analysis1739 Words   |  7 PagesStarbucks Financial Analysis Financial Analysis of the Starbucks Corporation 2401 Utah Avenue South Seattle, Washington 98134 (800) 235-2883 Financial Analysis of the Starbucks Corporation Company Overview Starbucks is the world’s largest specialty coffee retailer, Starbucks has more than 16,000 retail outlets in more than 35 countries. Starbucks owns more than 8,500 of its outlets, while licensees and franchisees operate more than 6,500 units worldwide, primarily

Can Life Get Any Worse Essay - 865 Words

Could life get any worse? As I said to myself. It was just the news I needed before I started summer vacation. Dr. Judy Kanz broke the news that I am borderline diabetic due to my weight being extremely high. From time to time I recall eavesdropping on my Nina s conversations about her diabetes. It was known that the disease runs in my family but for myself to be right there, it was a good enough scare to take my health seriously. This required dieting, exercising and doing things that I have never done before. On top of all that, I was battling a severe depression. As a sixteen year old, my weight was two hundred and fifteen pounds with the height of five feet and two inches which did not correlate with one another. In other words, I appeared as an oompa loompa from Charlie and the Chocolate Factory minus the bronze skin tone and green hair. Insecurities and low self-esteem issues is what I faced. It seemed to be the main cause of my depression. Or maybe it was in combination with the borderline diabetes diagnosis. Either way, I still felt like shit. On the contrary, everyone in my family including my extended family were overweight and they seemed so careless about it. So I thought to myself, with disease comes medication and worry, knowing it could of all been prevented. Yet, I did not know where to start. Without a doubt I knew who I had to call, my uncle Adolfo. He was the Marine with tactical training and intelligence. By all means, I have should of preparedShow MoreRelatedHow Can My Life Get Any Worse From Here? Essay1018 Words   |  5 Pages Have you ever thought, how can my life get any worse? Then life challenges you, and it gets worse. I was a straight A student, I had many friends, and I was a hopeful for an athletic scholarship. So, when I woke up that morning and received the news that would change my life, I asked, how can my life get any worse from here? Early in November of 2013, I was sick. 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Distance Learning The New Frontier in Education Free Essays

string(42) " symmetrical to the conventional methods\." Distance learning has started to become more visible in today’s society. It has been recognized as an integral part of the education system. While still not being utilized in all places, it’s spreading and gaining ground as one of the more popular ways to deliver information. We will write a custom essay sample on Distance Learning: The New Frontier in Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a means of educating students, distant learning helps plug holes that have been created by a lack of a certified teacher being available. Through distance learning, technology has become an intricate part of how students are educated. Early Beginnings Distance Learning has been considered somewhat of a new idea. However, some of the key concepts that shape distance learning have been around for quite some time. Distance learning has a large portion of its roots in what’s known as correspondence study. According to Webster’s’ Dictionary, correspondence is defined as, â€Å"a course offered by a correspondence school. † Correspondence is defined as, â€Å"1 a: the agreement of things with one another b: a particular similarity c: a relation between sets in which each member of one set is associated with one or more members of the other — compare FUNCTION 5a. This information explains to us that two different parties are engaging in a form of communication with one another. â€Å"The roots of distance learning are at least 160 years old. An advertisement in a Swedish newspaper in 1833 touted, the opportunity to study ‘Composition through the medium of the Post. ’ In 1840, England’s newly established penny post allowed Isaac Pitman to offe r shorthand instruction via correspondence. † This information is very important because it helps in shaping some of the reasons and purpose of why correspondence was necessary. The power of correspondence began to develop even further. Because its advantage was in its ability to send information via the postal service, correspondence created opportunities for people to gain knowledge without physically being present. Not all scholars believe that form information transferrence marked the beginning of distance learning. â€Å"The history of distance education could be tracked back to the early 1700s in the form of correspondence education, but technology-based distance education might be best linked to the introduction of audiovisual devices into the schools in the early 1900s. This is an interesting point because it shows that different reference points are used according to a different set of criteria. As correspondence study continued to evolve, the implementation of correspondence schools began to expand. Several different correspondence schools were opened inside and outside of the United States: In 1891, Thomas J. Foster, editor of the Mining Herald, a daily newspaper in eastern Pennsylvania, began offering a correspondence course in mining and the prevention of mine accidents. His business developed into the International Correspondence Schools, a commercial school whose enrollment exploded in the first two decades of the 20th Century, from 225,000 in 1900 to more than 2 million in 1920. In Britain, we are informed that correspondence began to progress, â€Å"with the founding of a number of correspondence institutions, such as Skerry’s College in Edinburgh in 1878 and University Correspondence College in London in 1887. † As time progressed, distance learning received more support with the development of different communication mediums. Radio began to find its way into the mix of distance education. In the 1920’s, at least 176 radio stations were constructed at educational institutions, although most were gone by the end of the decade. † The development of televised courses began to receive a major push as well: In the early 1930’s experimental television teaching programs were produced at the University of Iowa, Purdue U niversity and Kansas State College. However, it was not until the 1950’s that college credit courses were offered via broadcast television: Western Reserve University was the first to offer a continuous series of such courses, beginning in 1951. The development of fiber optics paved the way for distance learning to make greater strides. It allowed for fast expansion of live, two-way, high-quality audio and video systems in distance education. With the introduction of the computer, teaching at a distance was able to really take off by leaps and bounds. Online courses found its way onto a number of colleges and universities. This was a great stepping stone for the development of such institutions as the British Open University, the American Open University, Nova Southeastern University and the University of Phoenix. These schools offer an enormous amount of courses online. According to Teaching and learning at a Distance; it is vital to the study of distance learning to combine theory because â€Å"it directly impacts the practice of the field. † There are many theorists whom express their ideologies that pertain to the historical background of distance learning. There are several scholars that note how important the role of theory and distance education intertwine, including; Borje Holmberg, Michael Moore, Otto Peters and many others. Theorists’ Desmond Keegan exemplifies the significance of theory and distance education when he expressed in 1988†¦ Lack of accepted theory has weakened distance education: there has been a lack of identity, a sense of belonging to the periphery and the lack of a touchstone against which decisions on methods, on media, on financing, on student support, when they have to be made, can be made with confidence. Keegan in his theories, implements how distance learning is vital in not only the classroom, but also how it encompasses the areas of politics, finance, and socialism. According to this theorist this type of education not only affects the classroom, it covers several properties of the world. Bjore Holmberg’s ideas promote that like any type of education. This type is no different in that it is according to him, trial-and-error with mere attentiveness to the theoretical stand point in making decisions. The ideas between Holmberg and Keegan contrast in that, Holmberg views distance learning as a representation of a deviation from conventional learning, while Keegan’s theories deduce that this type of instruction is a discrete type of education is symmetrical to the conventional methods. You read "Distance Learning: The New Frontier in Education" in category "Papers" Contemporary Issues Distance Learning has created a wealth of opportunities for education to reach people in a variety of formats. With progress come concerns and issues that must also be addressed. There are several areas that have become red flags in the process of delivering education through the non-traditional classroom setting. Several policy issues have come about that are being examined. These areas of development deal with academic, fiscal and geographic: Institutions will need to develop policies that clarify everything from academic calendar to transferability. When a course is offered at one institution through a traditional classroom model, the academic calendar, for example, is the purview of that college or university. In certain cases, state regulations influence the calendar. But when a college enters into a consortia arrangement with other institutions on different academic calendars, it can become very confusing for the learners. In fact, some semesters or quarters end too late for courses to transfer to another college. Since distance learning models can complicate this process, flexibility is required. This is an issue that I personally encountered while taking an online Spanish course at Pulaski Technical College in the summer of 2007. In order to enroll for Spanish 2 I had to show that I had passed Spanish 1. The deadline was 2 days before grades were to be posted. I was fortunate enough to receive help from the administration but it was an intervention that would be constant on the part of the university. There’s also the question of integrity on the part of the students. While the use of CIV technology can alleviate some of this, other forms of distance learning continue to deal with this problem. The issue of students allowing others to complete their assignments has been around for quite some time. With distance learning, it looks to be just as prevalent. Fiscal concerns are consistent for a number of reasons. In most cases, distant education comes with a higher price tag than the conventional classroom setting: One certain way to guarantee problems in a distance learning program is to overlook the role of receiving institutions – those who do not offer the courses but provide the resources for learners to participate. This includes â€Å"receive† sites for interactive television courses and colleges that provide their computer laboratories to learners not enrolled at that institution. Contractual arrangements often provide a source of revenue to these receive sites, but in some cases policies do not provide, or prohibit, revenue sharing. Eventually, these receive sites become a source of frustration and potential revenue loss, which can diminish an otherwise well-run program. Distance learning policies must address the issue of equitable fiscal arrangements with receive sites and all other partners. These issues must be clarified in advance of program offerings, for without them, sound fiscal planning is impossible. Students are experiencing, what is called, geographic â€Å"out-of-state† fees for distance classes. This is a major concern because the internet is a boundless instrument that does not limit the learners’ ability to acquire knowledge on the basis of physical location. Asking students to pay extra fees for such this reason is of major concern: Setting tuition clearly is a fiscal issue; however, it also is a key aspect of the geographic service issue. Is â€Å"out-of-state† currently a relevant categorization for learners? Will â€Å"out of country† rates still apply? If we are to recognize the overarching reach of today’s distance learning, existing policies need close examination and new policies may be needed to redefine tuition rates and service area restrictions. Another issue deals with the availability of instructors. While most of the curriculum is uploaded to the site in online courses, students may have questions that aren’t explained in the information. The difficulty comes in trying to contact the teacher through email or via telephone. The instructor may not respond in a timely manner, which puts the student at a disadvantage if the assignment is due before the question gets answered: Respondents were asked to rank the differences between traditional course delivery and distance delivery. The scale was according to importance, one having the most importance and six the least importance. The order in which possible choices were ranked was not of importance in this question. The rankings provided by each respondent for each difference was what was being examined. Results can be seen in Table 4. The primary choice for most important was â€Å"interaction with instructor† with 40 out of 107 (37. 4 percent) responses. Ronn Atkinson, social studies teacher at the Distant Learning Center in Maumelle, suggests that, â€Å"not all kids in Arkansas have access to the internet. It’s either a question of accessibility or affordability. CIV is very expensive. Buying the system and paying the line charges, etc. Some districts can’t afford it on their own without help. † Futuristic Implications Distance learning has made some very interesting strides and looks to be a mainstay in the future. This alternate form of education looks to be the growing as it takes on different shapes. Distance learning will take the place of traditional classrooms because of the accessibility that students have to computers. The overhead cost of running and operating an educational institution from a building will be a big determining factor in the success of distance learning: Despite the challenges distance education presents to our traditional conceptions of education and instructional delivery, distance education enrollment at community colleges has increased greatly over the last decade, suggesting that distance education offers an alternative to the traditional classroom experience that accommodates many students’ individual circumstances and educational needs. Although the goals and outcomes of distance education are still somewhat unclear, it is generally agreed upon, however, that the marriage of technology and higher education will be a lasting one, and by the year 2000 more students will be instructed via more media than was ever thought possible. Though distance learning has become a very viable asset to education, a very key component to learning may be lost in the shuffle. The instructor’s ability to inspire the students through classroom lectures and instruction would most definitely not have the same effect on a student via online learning: How can we substitute for the inspiration of personal interaction with faculty members? In all of my years at Miami-Dade Community College, I never received a letter complementing a college program without reference to a faculty member or other staff member who had inspired or contributed to the development of the writer. Almost all of us can point to an individual, very often a faculty member, who had major impact on our lives. Is there a way to keep that inspiration in a distance learning situation? Is there something to be substituted? Compressed Interactive Video (CIV) has become a very interesting form of technology. This medium allows students to be taught a subject by a teacher in another location outside of the school building. So if a student is interested in taking a sociology course and their school does not offer it, he/she can utilize this system. More students are taking advantage of this technology each year. While CIV is still pretty expensive, over time it will become more affordable. Once that happens, it will help in the progression of home schooled students. Conclusion The power of learning at a distance has reached unparalleled heights in its ability to educate students. While there are some concerns as to whether or not it’s the â€Å"cure all,† there doesn’t seem to be much concern whether or not it is the medium of the future. It is cost efficient and looks to be the ultimate replacement of school building instruction. Distance learning is the truly the way of the new frontier. Bibliography Simonson, Michael; Smaldino, Sharon; Albright, Michael; Zvacek, Susan. Teaching at a Distance. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall, 2000. Gellman-Danley, B. , Fetzner, M. J. (1998). Asking the Really Tough Questions: Policy Issues for Distance Learning Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, Volume I, Number 1, Spring, State University of West Georgia, Distance Education. Schmidt, E. K. Gallegos. A. (2001). Distance Learning: Issues and Concerns of Distance Learners, Journal of Industrial Technology, Volume 17, Number 3 – May 2001 to July 2001. McCabe, Robert H. (1996). Ten questions for the future of distance learning, Community College Week, 10415726, 7/29/96, Vol. 8, Issue 26 The Future of Distance Learning. (1994). Retrieved April 25, 2009, from EducationAtlas. com Website: http://www. educationatlas. com/the-future-of-distance-learning. html Research in Distance Learning. (2009) The History of Distance Education. Retrieved April 25, 2009 from MA Distributed Learning Web site: http://www. digitalschool. net/edu/DL_history_mJeffries. html How to cite Distance Learning: The New Frontier in Education, Papers

Reading Response for Communication Ethics Essay Example

Reading Response for Communication Ethics Essay Subject: Reading Response for Communication ethics Introduction Communication is an important element of business. It ensures all activities are running smoothly in an organization. This article discusses several cases of unethical practices of information in the business world. A study has confirmed that most business people always mishandle information. For example, they withhold information from parties like the government, clients or agencies. It also expounds on business people being ethical. This is mainly to the employer and the rest of the management. Since they should be exemplary to the rest of the employees, they need to be ethical (Ross et al, 2003). We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Response for Communication Ethics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Response for Communication Ethics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Response for Communication Ethics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Summary of main points Fraud cases The article has discussed three examples of fraudulence in the corporate world. One of the greatest is from Adelphia Company. Its founder and his two sons were arrested because of looting the company. The company is at the verge of being bankrupt because of mismanagement of funds. They used company funds for personal use. Former Tyco International Ltd CEO is responsible for misappropriation of funds. He is likely to have bought an apartment using Company funds. A Wall ST. employee is in custody because she used information to benefit herself in insider trading. She was a trust so it was illegal for her to go against her obligation (Ross et al, 2003). Ethics in employers Employees are very concerned about their employer’s ethical practices. This is because they understand that it will have an effect on them. A study shows that less than half of employees consider their employers ethical. What is even worse is that very few employees report about unethical practices. They believe that those cases will be dealt with complete justice. This suggests that only a few people believe in the judicial system Employees fear that when they report unethical practices, they will face negative consequences. For example, the management will get back at them. They could lose their jobs for invalid reasons. Another common way is frustrating employees until they resign. They also feel the organization will not take any major actions (Ross et al, 2003). Business ethics This is a structure of how people should behave in the corporate world. These policies are fair to everyone and they assist in eliminating exploitation and other malpractices. Different managers have suggested other versions of defining business ethics. Some of them are controversial so a standard definition was given. Ethics is good at enhancing discipline and coexistence. Business ethics also consider the outside business environment like the society. Businesses engage in corporate social responsibility because it is part of business ethics (Ross et al, 2003). Perception I agree with the information in this article. There are endless cases of unethical practices in business. Some stakeholders take wrong advantage of information engage in illegal practices. I witnessed some bank employees attempting fraud. Since they had enough information on how to make debit cards, they wanted to use them on money dispensers. They targeted accounts with huge deposits and got details on how to debit them. Fortunately, they were not successful and they were sued for that. This article will help readers to learn the importance of communication ethics and practice it. Conclusion In general, the memo emphasizes the importance of practicing communication ethics in business. Many people do not understand the need for it. Employers should ensure that ethics are part of company’s policy and they should ensure they are followed. They should be exemplary for others to follow. All managers should understand the definition of business ethics because it will help in enforcing it. Reference: Ross, R.A, Mark, M., Cohen, L.P., Markon, J. et al (2003) Communication Ethics Management Communication: A Case Analysis Approach. 2nd edition. New Jersey: Pearson education, Prentice hall.

The Human Cell and Nutrients essays

The Human Cell and Nutrients essays There are several problems that a cell would face it if were to become very large. Among the first of these is being faced with an overload of nutrients. All nutrients enter the cell through the cell membrane. The larger the cell wall, the more nutrients it will contact; an abundance could potentially be available to the cell as they pass through the cell membrane. However, the more nutrients arriving, the greater the number of chemical reactions needed to process them. Moreover, all the nutrients would be arriving simultaneously, putting pressure on the cell structures to perform a large number of chemical processes at the same time. While a small cell would have insufficient cell membrane to move sufficient raw materials to nourish itthat is, to allow it to perform the necessary chemical reactions to livea really enormous cell would have the opposite problem. While the exterior, or cell membrane would increase in size, the interior area would expand even more, meaning that the membrane might not be able to acquire sufficient raw materials to keep the relatively larger volume of the interior supplied. (USC Web site) In addition, there are limits to the amount of incoming material that can be handled according to the cell's DNA, and limits to the amount of waste material, as well. This, too, must exit through the cell membrane. (CSUN Web site) An adaptation might be to create inlets' in the cell membrane, much like the inlets and bays and harbors on heavily indented coastlines that allow more ocean water to touch land; that is, to create in a cell the equivalent of a long shoreline, where the extra miles are gained by making pockets where the land and water meet. Another possible adaptation would be for the cell to separate its nutrient acquisition and waste elimination functions, holding them in separate structures and using...

Definition and Examples of Mondegreens

Definition and Examples of Mondegreens A mondegreen is a word or phrase that results from mishearing or misinterpreting a statement or song lyric.  Also known as an  oronym. The term mondegreen was coined in 1954 by American writer Sylvia Wright and popularized by San Francisco Chronicle columnist Jon Carroll. The term was inspired by Lady Mondegreen, a misinterpretation of the line hae laid him on the green from the Scottish ballad The Bonny Earl o Moray. According to  J. A. Wines, mondegreens often occur because the English language is rich in homophoneswords which may not be the same in origin, spelling or meaning, but which sound the same (Mondegreens: A Book of Mishearings, 2007). Examples and Observations The point about what I shall hereafter call mondegreens, since no one else has thought up a word for them, is that they are better than the original.(Sylvia Wright, The Death of Lady Mondegreen. Harpers, November 1954)Every time you go away/you take a piece of meat with you (for . . . take a piece of me with you, from the Paul Young song Every Time You Go Away)I led the pigeons to the flag (for I pledge allegiance to the flag)Theres a bathroom on the right (for Theres a bad moon on the rise in Bad Moon Rising by Creedence Clearwater Revival)Excuse me while I kiss this guy (for the Jimi Hendrix lyric Excuse me while I kiss the sky)The ants are my friends (for The answer, my friend in Blowing in the Wind by Bob Dylan)I’ll never leave your pizza burning (for I’ll never be your beast of burden by the Rolling Stones)The girl with colitis goes by (for the girl with kaleidoscope eyes in Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds by the Beatles)Dr. Laura, you pickled man-thief (for the Tom Waits lyric doctor, lawyer, beggar-man, thief) Take your pants down, and make it happen (for Take your passion and make it happen in Irene Caras Flashdance)the bright blessed day and the dog said goodnight (for the bright blessed day, the dark sacred night in What a Wonderful World by Louis Armstrong)The girl from Emphysema goes walking (for The girl from Ipanema goes walking in The Girl from Ipanema, as performed by Astrud Gilberto)bow and arrow transplant for bone marrow transplantIm blotto and bravado/Im a scarecrow and a Beatle (for A mulatto, an albino/A mosquito, my libido from Nirvanas Smells Like Teen Spirit)Lucky Jesus (a childs mondegreen for the chain restaurant Chuck E. Cheese)America! America! God is Chef Boyardee (for God shed His grace on thee in America, the Beautiful)You’re the cheese to my pizza mine (for â€Å"You’re the key to my peace of mind from Carol Kings Natural Woman)In love, as in life, one misheard word can be tremendously important. If you tell someone you love them, for instance, you must be absolutely certain that they have replied I love you back and not I love your back before you continue the conversation.(Lemony Snicket, Horseradish: Bitter Truths You Cant Avoid. HarperCollins, 2007) Historical Mondegreens Examine the following mondegreens and give a historical explanation of what changes have occurred. See if you can find other historical mondegreens that have become standard or widespread in English. Earlier/Later1. an ewt (salamander) / a newt2. an ekename (additional name) / a nickname3. for then anes (for the once) / for the nonce4. an otch / a notch5. a naranj / an orange6. another meal / a whole nother meal7. a nouche (brooch) / an ouche8. a napron / an apron9. a naddre (type of snake) / an adder10. would have done / would of done11. spit and image / spitting image12. sam-blind (half-blind) / sand blind13. a let ball (in tennis) / a net ball14. Welsh rabbit / Welsh rarebit (W. Cowan and J. Rakusan, Source Book for Linguistics. John Benjamins, 1998) Misconceptions (1899) A little girl with whom I am acquainted recently asked her mother what a consecrated cross-eye bear was; the explanation of her query being that she had been learning (orally) a hymn commencing: A consecrated cross I bear.(Ward Muir, Misconceptions. The Academy, Sep. 30, 1899)No language, how simple soever, I think, can escape a childs perversion. One said for years, in repeating the Hail, Mary! Blessed art thou, a monk swimming. Another, supposing that life was labour, I presume, ended his prayers with forever endeavour, Amen.(John B. Tabb, Misconceptions. The Academy, Oct. 28, 1899) Pronunciation: MON-de-green

Professional Perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Professional Perspectives - Essay Example The main objective of co-educators is to ensure that a group heterogeneous student understands instructions effectively (Perez, 2012). Contrariwise, co-educators differences results to lack of collegial interactions of strategies, which leads to a poor instructional program. Philosophy Statement on Co-Teaching It is hard for co-educators to meet diversified students’ needs with differing professional perspectives, which negatively affect professional interactions in the development of effective strategies to ensure that all student needs are satisfied including those with disabilities. A colleague with a different perspective from mine will be of more disadvantages than advantages in terms of collegial support towards meeting student needs and formulation of effective strategies. I am profound on the professional interactions as well as my co-educator’s characteristics and needs. The concepts of an effective exchange of plans and consultation in implementing a curriculu m that gratifies all student needs are central to my philosophy of co-teaching. Collegial support that offers a different input towards my plans demonstrates the absence of diversity based teamwork towards a long lasting co-teaching (Specialconnections.ku.edu, n.d.). I believe that co-teaching has to involve a number of co-teachings activities such as exploring skills that educators require to collaborate successfully. However, in a case whereby my co-educator differs with every slight perception I have towards a learning environment, it is challenging to implement co-planning in a classroom. I love learning new things, and it would be god of my o-educator to equip me with new instructional techniques. Nonetheless, my co-educator has to assimilate my perspectives and together develop strategies towards effective co-teaching opposed to a situation where none of our professional perspective is common. I believe that adaptability, dedication, collaboration, and positive collegial suppo rt are the key aspects towards effective consultations on issues affecting students because of diversity rather than focusing on the differences that may exist between my co-educator and me. Different professional perspectives should be utilized as a tool of every co-educator self-reflection to realize his/her weakness and strengths concerning the ability to work as teamwork (Perez, 2012). The success of an inclusive classroom depends on the parity portrayed by the partnership of both educators, which must show the presence of a teaching practice based on effective collaboration and support. Viewpoint Description on Co-Teaching The most important aspect for effective consultations in handling students’ needs in co-teaching is the partnership between two co-educators. Each co-educator perspective on co-teaching is a complicated set of actions and intentions with unique criteria for evaluating strategies that are right and wrong. Our roles and the idealized self-image as co-edu cators are determined professional perspectives. Moreover, perspectives provide the basis to which co-educators can reflect on the co-teaching practice (Beninghof, 2012). The moment I consult with a co-educator who believes as I do, an immediacy of communication is established as well as the feeling of being understood. However, a colleague that believes in a truly different way from mine evokes a

The family has a responsabilittyof socializing children to basic Essay

The family has a responsabilittyof socializing children to basic understanding of social norm. when that socialinzation fails , the parents should be held responsible - Essay Example B. Support for the statement either personal experience of researched material that supports your statement – for example – For the first several weeks of a child’s lives, a child is totally dependent on its caregiver for food, clothing, and shelter. Once a child reaches 6 weeks of age, the child may be sent to a daycare facility where others may begin attending to these biological needs as well. However, studies have shown that more than biological needs must be met during this crucial developmental period. Partridge, Devine, Hornstein, and Marsh (2001) stated that, â€Å" Consistent, nurturing, predictable, structured and enriching experiences in a safe environment during early childhood have a positive impact on brain organization and function, leading toward more empathetic, responsible, and fully functioning adults† (p 1). C. Objections and refutation people do not agree with your claim – you must allow the other side room to voice their opinion and then provide research to show why they are incorrect. For example – Some parents feel that after a certain age, children are no longer their responsibility. For example, some parents feel that by age 7 or 8 the child can become what is known as a â€Å"latch key† child and be left unattended after school for hours. However there are laws to protect young children who are left unattended. According to Latch-key-Kids.org, no child under the age of 12 should be left home unattended and there are many states including Colorado, Delaware, Kansas, Wisconsin, and Wyoming where that law is enforced. Other states such as Washington, Tennessee, South Carolina, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, and Maryland have laws with mandatory younger ages for leaving children alone. At the time of birth, a child will only be a raw material. He will become a finished good or a complete human only after the interactions with the environment including family and society. In other words, family and society are

Dulce Et Decorum Est - Critical Response Essay -- essays research pape

A poem which I have recently read is: â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† by Wilfred Owen. The main point Wilfred Owen tries to convey in this poem is the sheer horror of war. Owen uses many techniques to show his feelings, some of which I’ll be exploring. Wilfred Owen is a tired soldier on the front line during World War I. In the first stanza of Dulce Et Decorum Est he describes the men and the condition they are in and through his language shows that the soldiers deplore the conditions. Owen then moves on to tell us how even in their weak human state the soldiers march on, until the enemy fire gas shells at them. This sudden situation causes the soldiers to hurriedly put their gas masks on, but one soldier did not put it on in time. Owen tells us the condition the soldier is in, and how, even in the time to come he could not forget the images that it left him with. In the last stanza he tells the readers that if we had seen what he had seen then we would never encourage the next generation to fight in a war. Owen uses imagery constantly to convey the conditions and feelings experienced during this war. Firstly I will be exploring Metaphor as it is used so much in this poem. The first metaphor which I will examine is: â€Å"Haunting Flares† on line 3 of the first stanza. This quote has so many connotations, my first opinion on this was that the flares which the enemy are firing to light up the battle field are said to be representing the souls of the soldiers fallen comrades. This could also be said to represent the power the enemy has on their own mortality as the bright flares would light up the battle-field exposing everything to their view, this indicates that the enemy always seem to have power upon the soldiers, almost godly. The second metaphor which I will explore is: â€Å"An ecstasy of fumbling† on line one of the second stanza. This metaphor is significant as it describes the quick manner in which the soldiers will have been trying to put their masks on. The soldiers would have been trying to put their masks on in a hurry but due to their physical condition their minds would have been wanting them to go faster than their body would have been allowing them, this is why there is said to be a: â€Å"Fumbling†. The term: â€Å"Ecstasy† would normally suggest a time of extreme emotion, normally joy, however in this situation it is used as a term of irony as this is a completely b... ...ration, onomatopoeia, rhyme etc. One of the sound types I will be looking at is Full or perfect rhyme. This sound type is significant as in Dulce Et Decorum Est at the end of each sentence rhymes with the one before the last. This is significant as when reading this poem you notice this rhyming scheme and take more time to stop and ponder over the significance of the language it is based around and what connotations that word has: â€Å"Bent double, like old beggars under sacks† and â€Å"Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs†. This is one of the most effective rhyming schemes in the poem. Due to every second line rhyming this makes your remember what the poet was trying to put across in the previous lines as all the different lines have a way of tying in with one another. Through reading this poem several times I decided that the message from the poem is that war is full of horror and there is little or no glory. Methods which I found most effective were Full rhyme and metaphor. Overall Wilfred Owen shows that there is no triumph in war, he does this by using the dying soldier as an example. His main point is that the old saying: â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est Pro Patria Mori† is a lie.

Marketing Principles Essay

1.1 Explain the various elements of the marketing process. Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering and exchanging offers that have value for customer, clients, partners and society at large. (Williams, 2013) Marketing Process: Situation analysis focuses more on the possible opportunities that will satisfy a customer’s need. This depends on how the product can influence the a specific environment and how the product can control you a specific group you want to target. It is being familiar with the SWOT forces. Marketing strategies is a process that specifies the information of the market to obtain its effectiveness.   Segmentation involves dividing the market into groups, where individuals have similar needs and wants for services and products. It could also be a segmentation of people on the basis of behavior, culture and economic status. (Rajeev, 2012) Targeting also known as the target market is the potential consumers of a product/service. Targeting helps tap the subset of the customer population most likely to purchase and use the product to effectively achieve maximum sales and profits. (Johnson, 2012) Positioning is how you want to be perceived in the minds of prospects versus your competition. It is also creating a positive image in the minds of the target market. Value Proposition pertains on how you want your consumers distinguish you from your competitors and make it obvious you are the best available choice. This marketing strategy summarizes what makes your product/service unique as it relates to addressing specific customer decision making criteria. It must be all about what’s important to them – your prospects. (Core Marketing Strategies, 2013) Market mix decision is a general phrase used to describe the different kinds of choices organizations have to make in the whole process of bringing a product or service to market. The 4 Ps is the best known way of defining marketing mix: (P.1) Product refers to any services or conveniences that are part of the offering. (P.2) Pricing should take into account profit margins and the probable pricing response of competitors. (P-3) Place is associated with channels of distribution that serve as the means for getting the product to the target consumers. (P-4) Promotions are those related to communicating and selling to the potential consumers. This includes advertising, public relations, media types, etc. (Internet Center for Management and Business Administration, Inc., 1999-2010) 1.2 Evaluate the benefits and costs of marketing orientation for a selected organization. Jollibee is our chosen food organization. It is the largest fast food chain in the Philippines, operating a nationwide network of over 750 stores. It is a dominant market leader in the Philippines. It is a family oriented work environment, the brand’s values also reflect on their advertising and marketing. Jollibee knows their target audience very well: the traditional family and all communication materials focus on the importance of family values. Jollibee is so well-loved every time a new store opens, especially overseas. It is a stronghold of heritage and monument of Filipino pride. (Jollibee Foods Corporation, 2013) The primary target market of Jollibee are Filipino kids ages 3-10y/o, teens ranging 11-21y/o can either be male or female; Filipino families even the senior citizen. Social classes C, D and E; and those looking for budget-friendly quick meals. In comparison from Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, eating in a fast-food chain w/o asking for money makes an individual happy, falls under self-actualization needs. Eating in Jollibee with family and friends makes people feel loved and accepted. That is a social need or feeling the sense of belongingness and love. Lastly, the need to satisfy ones hunger and in order to survive, it is the physiological need on an individual. The target market prefers Jollibee because the food are unique and has an appealing taste, foods can be easily served, foods are affordable, there a lots of variants the people can choose from, the mileau is very homey, the customer service is very family-oriented, and families, friends and colleagues can enjoy this together. Being the pioneer in fast-food industry, Jollibee had the majority in the marketing opportunity. Jollibee was able to capture 65% of the market share in hamburger market in the Philippines. The JFC reported 82 billion pesos by the end of 2011. Based on the annual report of JFC, Jollibee earned 50 billion pesos revenue on 2011. (Esberto, 2012) The product offered by Jollibee appeals to the Filipinos taste for spicy burgers. By concentrating its resources on satisfying the Filipino palate, Jollibee has been able to serve localized dishes that are unlikely found in other fast-food chains in the Philippines. In addition to that, offering the usual French fries that accompany the meals found in McDonald’s, KFC, Burger King and so forth. Jollibee also serves rice or spaghetti, Filipino style Even the burgers are cooked exactly as Filipinos want them done- sweeter and with more seasonings, often likened to what a Filipino mother would cook at home. It even incorporated recipes from employees to truly capture local tastes. The company’s phenomenal growth owes much to its strict and committed adherence to high standards as symbolized by â€Å"F.S.C†: Food (F) served to the public must meet the company’s excellence standards or it will not be served at all; the Service (S) must be fast and courteous; and Cleanliness  ©, from kitchen to utensils, must always be maintained. As for pricing, it is closely related to customer satisfaction. Thus, JFC provides its high quality fast-food products at a relatively cheaper price. According to its commitment to serve each and every Filipino, Jollibee keeps things affordable at all. The â€Å"DLSU SSURVEY† shows that, 94% of Jollibee’s customers think it’s affordable or cheaper. Figure [ 1 ]: Benefit Positioning vs. Brand Matrix The location of outlet is of key importance to the marketing strategy of Jollibee. It has established a large number of outlets to state that they care about the accessibility of fast-food outlet and 72% is satisfied that Jollibee maintained it very well. Overseas, the outlet in Hong Kong is located at Central where a large number of Filipinos gather. It is an example of Jollibee’s good placing strategy. Recently, to capture more share from their customer’s wallet, Jollibee introduced home service. Loyal customers, for some reason who can’t get out of home but want to have a bite of Jollibee, can now avail their products via phone call. They also provide drive-thru’s for their customers who are in a rush and can’t get out of their car and line-up. Jollibee management carefully selects their franchisors to make sure they can meet its standard. To be a franchisee of Jollibee, one has to invest 15-30 million pesos. Brands in local market are strong contenders and not to be underestimated. Jollibee often have the advantage of intimate knowledge of consumer tastes and consumer preference through local pride. Jollibee used the wave of nationalist pride to promote a Filipino brand of hamburger. This strategy met with great success. Investing in socio-civic programs designed to serve its host communities further secured Jollibee’s position as a Filipino company for the Filipinos. Advocacy campaigns such as the early Christmas drive â€Å"ma-Aga ang pasko sa Jollibee†, again endorsed by Aga Muhlach, the poverty housing project with habitat. For humanity, the â€Å"Kaya Mo Yan Kid Campaign†, it encourages kids to show their potentials that will contribute to the company’s overall success, not only with its customers but with all its stakeholders. Family is a key component for Jollibee’s promotion. They just simply don’t want to cater food and service but they wanted to be a part of every Filipino family. Its quality customer service of being family-oriented is one key to their success. While McDonald’s promotion focuses on the empowerment of young adults to enjoy life by means of eating their products. Jollibee’s rapid growth is due to its superior menu line-up, creative marketing programs, and efficient manufacturing and logistics facilities. It is made possible by well-trained teams that work in a culture of integrity and humility, fun and family-like environment. As a corporate citizen, Jollibee is also committed to give back to its host communities through meaningful and lasting socio-civic projects. (Sakib, 2011) Jollibee was able to attain a competitive advantage in the Philippines over McDonald’s by doing following things: Jollibee was the first to enter the market. It was able to retain tight control over operations management, which allowed it to price below its competitor. And, it had the flexibility to cater to the tastes of its local consumers. From the very beginning Jollibee Foods Corporation had focused on delivering quality food and service at an affordable cost to the customers. This had been possible only due to excellent operational control. Jollibee enjoyed a dominant position in the fast food market in Philippines until McDonalds entered the market. They focused on their main asset, their knowledge of taste and preferences of the local population. [ (Andrew, 2011) ] 2.1 Show macro and micro environmental factors which influence marketing decisions. The marketing environment consists of all the actors and forces outside marketing that affect the marketing management’s ability to develop and maintain successful relationships with its target customers. Though these factors and forces may vary depending on the specific company and industrial group, they can generally be divided into broad micro environmental and macro environmental components. Micro environmental components are: Company-top management is responsible for setting the company’s mission, objectives, broad strategies, and policies. Marketing managers must make decisions within the parameters established by top management. Marketing managers must also work closely with other company departments. Areas such as finance, R & D, purchasing, manufacturing, and accounting all produce better results when aligned by common objectives and goals. All departments must â€Å"think consumer† if the firm is to be successful. The goal is to provide superior customer value and satisfaction. Suppliers-are firms and individuals that provide the resources needed by the company and its competitors to produce goods and services. They are an important link in the company’s overall customer â€Å"value delivery system.† Marketing channel firms (intermediaries)-firms that help the company to promote, sell, and distribute its goods to final buyer. Customer markets-consumer markets, individuals and households that buy goods and services for personal consumption. Business markets, those who buy goods and services for further processing or for use in their production process. Reseller markets, those who buy goods and services in order to resell them at a profit. Government markets, agencies that buy goods and services in order to produce public services or transfer them to those that need them. International markets, buyers of all types in foreign countries Competitors-A company must secure a strategic advantage over competitors by positioning their offerings to be successful in the marketplace. No single competitive strategy is best for all company. Publics – Any group that has an actual or potential interest in or impact on an organization’s ability to achieve its objectives. A company should prepare a marketing plan for all of their major publics as well as their customer markets. Macro environmental components are thought to be: Demographic-the study of human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, sex, race occupation, and other statistics. It is of major interest to marketers because it involves people and people make up markets. Demographic trends are constantly changing Economic-those factors that affect consumer purchasing power and spending patterns. Natural-natural resources that are needed as inputs by marketers or that are affected by marketing activities Technological-forces that create new technologies, creating new product and market opportunities Political-laws, government agencies, and pressure groups that influence and limit various organizations and individuals in a given society. Various forms of legislation regulate business Cultural forces-institutions and other forces that affect society’s basic values, perceptions, preferences, and behaviors. Certain cultural characteristics can affect marketing decision-making The wise marketing manager knows that he or she cannot always affect environmental forces. However, smart managers can take a proactive, rather than reactive, approach to the marketing environment. (Kotler, 2012) 2.2 Propose segmentation criteria to be used for products in different markets. To ensure that the market segments that have been constructed by the firm, they must meet the basic requirements and guidelines, which will make them usable segments and potential target markets. (Market Segmentation Study Guide, 2012) An ideal market segment meets all of the following criteria: (1) It is possible to measure, (2) it must be large enough to earn profit, (3) it must be stable enough that it does not vanish after some time, (4) it is possible to reach potential customers via the organization’s promotion and distribution channel, (5) it is internally homogeneous (potential customers in the same segment prefer the same product qualities, (6) it is externally heterogeneous, that is, potential customers from different segments have different quality preferences, (7) it responds consistently to a given market stimulus, (8) it can be reached by market intervention in a cost-effective manner and (9) it is useful in deciding on the marketing mix. (Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 2013) 2.3 Choose a targeting strategy for a selected product or service. Kitchner had the goal of making Jollibee one of the world’s top ten fast food brands by the year 2000. In his plan to increase international expansion, he implemented two strategies, â€Å"targeting expats† and â€Å"planting the flag†. His plan of â€Å"targeting expats† allows the company transition into an unfamiliar market much easier because expatriate Filipinos working in other countries could relate to Jollibee’s. Though there is a huge risk of targeting a narrow segment, Jollibee’s local success allows for momentum to generate the expansion and growth of the company. However, Kitchner quickly found out that this market was limited and that not all the overseas Filipinos were potential customers. (Paul, 2011) On the other hand, Kitchner’s decision to â€Å"plant the flag† is to leverage Jollibee’s competitive advantage by entering new geographic market, his rapid expansion strategy was unfocused and poorly executed. He also neglected to consider the large transaction costs associated with establishing markets in new countries. Kitchner’s desire to be first-mover in a number of small, undeveloped markets would not have brought the prestige needed to win the firm better partners. â€Å"Planting the flag† only showed that Jollibee knew how to repeat its success. In order to compete on the level with multinationals, Jollibee would have to take its performance to the next step and prove that it could continue to build its competitive advantage. (Tran, 2005) 2.4 Demonstrate how buyer behavior affects marketing activities in different buying situations. Buying behavior is made up of the internal and external factors that explain why consumers buy and use certain products or services. This type of behavior can affect the marketing strategy that a business employs to promote its products, and when this behavior is analyzed, it can guide a business toward better marketing strategies and methods that it might not have originally used. Supply and Demand is one of the basic economic theories that drive marketing of which consists of a ratio between the amounts of supply versus the amount of demand for that supply. Two supply and demand situations can majorly affect the type of marketing you employ for your goods. These situations include when a product or service is in abundant supply and demand is scarce or when a product or service is scarce and there is increased demand for it. Routine buying behavior is the programmed response that consumers may have to certain types of products. Usually these products are not expensive, such as cars or computers, and can include anything that is commonly bought on a week-to-week basis. Complex Decision-Making is another type of buyer behavior which is usually associated with high-end, expensive or scarce products such as diamonds, fine wine or automobiles. This behavior often comes with high involvement on the consumer’s part in that he will generally want to thoroughly research the product and differences between brands before he makes a decision on which one to buy. Internal Factors that marketers need to be aware of can also affect a consumer’s buying process. These elements — personal, psychological and social — guide buying behaviors and consumption patterns and can be a valuable tool to creating better marketing strategies on the seller’s side. For example, a consumer may opt for a specific brand of cola because of provocative advertising that may make that consumer feel â€Å"sexy† for drinking it, versus buying another brand of cola that uses nonsexual advertising. Delivering the feeling you want experienced when a consumer uses your product is imperative to a good marketing mix of strategies. (Vogt, 1999-2013) 2.5 Positioning selected product/service. Ensuring high traffic needs an emphasis on store location and positioning Jollibee in the minds of the consumers as a place where they can enjoy eating fast food. This entails proper branding and positioning of the services/products offered. Jollibee Foods Corporation brought to everyone’s lips the promise of LANGHAP SARAP (smells so good so it must taste good) Jollibee also projected itself as a world-class brand by expanding its market overseas. Its nationalist view is a key fact. Personnel at Jollibee communicate with customers in local language rather than English unlike to its competitor such as McDonald’s. It provides more homely environment than competitors with tailored food menu to meet the local people’s needs. Jollibee is a super place for children that has ever been. Children can come with their parents and play here while being served with special items made for them. Also, Jollibee facilitates party arrangements for its consumers. Thus, the value proposition of Jollibee that distinguished it from its competitors is, â€Å"Jollibee provide special Philippines’ meal at a cheaper price in a very much homely environment and is a place where people come for joy†. (Sakib, 2011) Bibliography Andrew, 2011. Jollibee – Case Study Analysis | Research Paper. [Online] Available at: http://www.allfreepapers.com/print/Jollibee–Case-Study-Analysis/1794.html [Accessed 6 February 2013]. Anon., 2013. Wikipedia. [Online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jollibee_Foods_Corporation [Accessed 2 February 2013]. Anon., 2013. Imperial College London. [Online] Available at: http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/capitalprojects/projectprocedures/processes/pm/1.40 [Accessed 2 February 2013]. Core Marketing Strategies, 2013. Business Marketing Plan. [Online] Available at: http://www.coremarketingstrategies.com/business-marketing-plan.html [Accessed January 2013]. Esberto, E. F., 2012. 10 Steps Marketing Plan of Jollibee Foods Corportation. [Online] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/ElainroseEsberto/10-steps-marketing-plan-jollibee [Accessed 6 February 2013]. Internet Center for Management and Business Administration, Inc., 1999-2010. The Marketing Mix. [Online] Available at: http://www.quickmba.com/marketing/mix/ [Accessed January 2013]. Johnson, P., 2012. Buzzle. [Online] Available at: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/target-marketing-strategy.html [Accessed January 2013]. Jollibee Foods Corporation, 2013. About Us | Jollibee. [Online] Available at: http://www.jollibee.com.ph/about-us [Accessed 2 February 2013]. Jollibee Foods Corporation, 2013. About us | Jollibee Foods Corporation. [Online] Available at: http://www.jollibee.com.ph/about-us [Accessed 1 February 2013]. Kotler, P., 2012. Marketing Micro and Micro Environment. [Online] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/22543929/Marketing-Micro-and-Macro-Environment [Accessed 6 February 2013]. Market Segmentation Study Guide, 2012. Criteria for Effective Segmentation. [Online] Available at: http://www.segmentationstudyguide.com/understanding-market-segmentation/crite ria-for-effective-market-segmentation/ [Accessed 6 February 2013]. Paul, 2011. Case Study: Jollibee Foods Corporation (A): International Expansion. [Online] Available at: http://allbestessays.com/Business/Case-Study-Jollibee-Foods-Corporation/11945.html [Accessed 6 February 2013]. Rajeev, L., 2012. Buzzle. [Online] Available at: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/market-segmentation-strategy.html [Accessed January 2013]. Sakib, N., 2011. Jollibee Foods Corporation. [Online] Available at: http://www.docstoc.com/docs/88862150/Jollibee-Foods-Corporation [Accessed 6 February 2013]. Sakib, N., 2011. Jollibee Foods Corporation. [Online] Available at: http://www.docstoc.com/docs/88862150/Jollibee-Foods-Corporation [Accessed 6 February 2013]. Tran, M. A., 2005. proJollibee. [Online] Available at: https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:dJ58omTFofYJ:www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~matran/Files/proJollibee.doc+&hl=en&gl=ph&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShpGDHLcTB5xTtp6Jn_o7VQ9T3biGQO2otrRWvxB4rP8lNMSAh6IeiwzPsfhq83y3bV931_rOjRLigmb014tYUI-A8YGpkNcAMKFQMPbbNd9cbzqt3h6T [Accessed 6 February 2013]. Vogt, C., 1999-2013. How the Buyer’s Behavior Affects Marketing Activities. [Online] Available at: http://www.ehow.com/info_8749189_buyers-behavior-affects-marketing-activities.html [Accessed 7 February 2013]. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 2013. Market Segmentation – Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. [Online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_segmentation [Accessed 6 February 2013]. Williams, D. K. C., 2013. COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION. [Online] Available at: http://www.csustan.edu/market/williams/3410intr.htm [Accessed

Abraham Lincoln s Speech On The Dred Scott Case - 863 Words

Ingrid Ledesma November 21,2014 Constitutional Law Final Draft Period:5 Essay on Abraham Lincoln’s Speech in Respect to the Dred Scott Case Court decisions are very delicate, it’s not always about what is morally correct but more importantly about what is politically correct. It may be hard to side with the law sometimes due to cases dealing with cruel subjects such as slavery. Although, in times like this judges must maintain on the right track following what’s constitutionally correct. For example in the Dred Scott Case, he obviously lost his case since at the time slavery was legal. Many people, said it was erroneous, mistaken, and fallacious, but put the pieces together, it was written on the constitution that slavery was allowed. Of course, bondage is and wasn’t virtuous but did the court really make the wrong decision? In respect to this situation Abraham Lincoln made a speech to his fellow citizens. Abraham Lincoln did not agree. During his speech he said â€Å"But we think the Dred Scott decision is erroneous. We know the court that made it, has often over-ruled its own decisions, and we sh all do what we can to have it to over-rule this.† President Lincoln believed all should have an equal chance, something in which of course slavery contradicted. He made it clear that slavery was a very dangerous and disturbing element. Seemingly, Abraham Lincoln was bothered by this case according to some direct quotes from his speech.The Republicans inculcate, with whatever ofShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln Essay2382 Words   |  10 PagesAbraham Lincoln paved a path of equality and freedom for slaves and people of the 1800s as well as having a major impact on society and government; Abraham Lincoln s engagement with the public people skyrocketed his career as being a president and a suitable leader to the people of the United States of America. 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